• 1. Life-cycle assessment defines what to measure and the reporting stack makes the measurement continuous and cheap enough to publish, but neither substitutes for primary data.
  • 2. A label answers only the question it was designed to answer: Type I, Type II and Type III declarations carry radically different evidentiary weight, and only Type III is built for comparison.
  • 3. Identification precedes circularity: a garment at end of life is anonymous unless it was designed, measured and tagged to be understood.
  • 4. The Digital Product Passport is a sorting technology as much as a consumer interface, because verified composition data is what allows an automated sorter to route a garment to a matched recycling process.
  • 5. The bottleneck in recycling is no longer chemistry but feedstock: collection volumes, sorting capacity and garments designed to be recyclable at all.
  • 6. A circular business model is environmentally meaningful to the degree that it displaces new production; circular revenue that adds to consumption is a business result, not a sustainability one.
Last modified: Wednesday, 9 September 2026, 9:52 PM