6.9.1 Bibliography

  • [1] Agrawal, T.K., Kumar, V., Pal, R., Wang, L., Chen, Y. (2021). Blockchain-based framework for supply chain traceability: a case example of textile and clothing industry. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 154, 107130.
  • [2] Ahmed, W.A.H., MacCarthy, B.L. (2021). Blockchain-enabled supply chain traceability in the textile and apparel supply chain: a case study of the fiber producer, Lenzing. Sustainability, 13(19), 10496.
  • [3] BSR (2023). Digital passports for clothing, emerging issues. bsr.org.
  • [4] C&EN, Chemical & Engineering News (2026). Textile recycling tries to gain a second wind. cen.acs.org.
  • [5] Carbonfact (2026). Digital Product Passport for textiles: what fashion brands need to know. carbonfact.com.
  • [6] Circulose AB. Commercial-scale textile-to-textile recycling of cellulosics. circulose.com.
  • [7] Ellen MacArthur Foundation (2021). Circular business models in the fashion industry. ellenmacarthurfoundation.org.
  • [8] EON (2024). TextileGenesis partners with EON to create Digital Product Passports. eon.xyz.
  • [9] European Commission. Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation, Digital Product Passport. commission.europa.eu / green-forum.ec.europa.eu.
  • [10] GS1 US (2025). What is GS1 Sunrise 2027. gs1us.org.
  • [11] H&M Foundation (2025). How textile-to-textile recycling went from vision to future standard. hmfoundation.com.
  • [12] Infinited Fiber Company. Infinna™ regenerated fibre. infinitedfiber.com.
  • [13] McKinsey & Company (2022). Scaling textile recycling in Europe, turning waste into value. mckinsey.com.
  • [14] Plott Data (2026). Secondhand fashion market report. plottdata.com.
  • [15] Syre. Textile-to-textile recycled polyester at scale. syre.com.
  • [16] Textile Excellence (2024). Fibersort brings textile recycling into fast lane. textileexcellence.com.
  • [17] The Business Research Company (2026). Apparel resale global market report. thebusinessresearchcompany.com.
  • [18] The Traceability Hub (2026). GS1 2D barcodes, GS1 DataMatrix, QR code and Sunrise 2027 explained. thetraceabilityhub.com.
  • [19] ThredUp (2026). 2026 Resale Market and Consumer Trend Report (14th annual Resale Report). thredup.com/resale.
  • [20] TOMRA / Stadler. SIPTex, Malmö: the world's first fully automated textile sorting plant. tomra.com.
  • [21] WWD / Sourcing Journal (2024). TextileGenesis partners with EON to create digital product passports. wwd.com.
  • Software, platforms and web resources linked in this chapter:
  • [22] ANDRITZ.
  • [23] Aura Blockchain Consortium.
  • [24] Balenciaga.
  • [25] Chloé.
  • [26] Coach.
  • [27] COS.
  • [28] Depop.
  • [29] Elvis & Kresse.
  • [30] Ganni.
  • [31] GS1.
  • [32] Lectra.
  • [33] Lenzing.
  • [34] Levi's.
  • [35] Marine Serre.
  • [36] Newretex.
  • [37] Patagonia.
  • [38] Rifò.
  • [39] Stadler.
  • [40] Stella McCartney.
  • [41] Target.
  • [42] Tesco.
  • [43] TextileGenesis.
  • [44] The RealReal.
  • [45] Valvan.
  • [46] Vestiaire Collective.
  • [47] Vinted.
  • [48] Worn Wear.
  • [49] Zara Pre-Owned.
  • [50] Asket. The Impact Receipt, per-product life-cycle footprint.
  • [51] EU Ecolabel.
  • [52] GOTS.
  • [53] OEKO-TEX.
  • [54] RI.SE.
  • [55] MUD Jeans.

6.9.2 Glossary

  • 1. LCA, Life-Cycle Assessment: quantifying environmental impact across a product's life.
  • 2. ISO 14040 / 14044, the standards governing LCA principles and requirements.
  • 3. Functional unit, the reference basis of an LCA (e.g. one T-shirt worn 50 times).
  • 4. PEF, Product Environmental Footprint: the EU's harmonised LCA-based method.
  • 5. EPD, Environmental Product Declaration: a verified, standardised impact report.
  • 6. Eco-label, a consumer-facing environmental rating or claim.
  • 7. KPI, Key Performance Indicator: a quantified metric (e.g. CO2 per product).
  • 8. QR code, a 2D data carrier linking a product to a digital record.
  • 9. RFID / NFC, radio-frequency and near-field tags for item-level identification.
  • 10. GS1 Digital Link, a global standard connecting a product code to online data.
  • 11. DPP, Digital Product Passport: the ESPR-mandated digital product record.
  • 12. Blockchain, a distributed ledger used to make supply-chain records tamper-evident.
  • 13. NIR spectroscopy, near-infrared scanning that identifies fibres for automated sorting.
  • 14. Fibre-to-fibre recycling, regenerating textiles back into fibres of comparable quality.
  • 15. Monomaterial, a product made of a single material to ease recycling.
Last modified: Wednesday, 9 September 2026, 9:52 PM