Chapter 7 — full chapter
7.6 Recycling and Upcycling
Two different pathways are covered here and it is worth keeping them apart. Recycling converts products or material streams into secondary material feedstock — mechanical, chemical or enzymatic routes — while upcycling transforms existing products or materials into a new use or a higher-value application without necessarily returning them to fibre-level processing. They require different inputs, different partners and different evidence.