Chapter 2 — learning guide

Time: ≈ 3–4.5 h — 2.1–2.2 (0.75 h) · 2.3–2.4 (0.75 h) · 2.5 (0.5 h) · Assignment (1–2 h) · Quiz + synthesis (0.5 h).

Learning Objective

Learners will be able to distinguish the main circular and regenerative design approaches and select the approach that fits a defined product, material and systems problem.

Learning Outcome

By the end of this chapter, learners should be able to compare ecodesign, Cradle to Cradle, biomimicry, biodesign and regenerative design, explain what each approach changes in a product or system, and justify a chosen approach using evidence, functional performance and lifecycle trade-offs.

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Last modified: Monday, 5 October 2026, 11:56 PM